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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modafinil

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Modafinil, sold under the brand name Provigil among others, is a wakefulness-promoting drug used for treatment of disorders such as narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, idiopathic hypersomnia, and excessive daytime sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea.^[6] It has also seen widespread off-label use as a purported cognitive enhancer.^[7] In the United States modafinil is classified as a schedule IV controlled substance and restricted in availability and usage, due to concerns about possible addiction potential. In most other countries it is a prescription drug but not otherwise legally restricted.

Modafinil

(R)-(−)-modafinil (armodafinil; top) (S)-(+)-modafinil (bottom)
Clinical data
Trade names	Provigil, Alertec, Modavigil, others
Synonyms	CRL-40476; Diphenylmethylsulfinylacetamide
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a602016
License data	US FDA: Modafinil
Pregnancy category	AU: B3 US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Dependence liability	Psychological: Very low[1] Physical: Negligible[1]
Addiction liability	Very low to low[2]
Routes of administration	Oral (tablets)
ATC code	N06BA07 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) UK: POM (Prescription only) US: Schedule IV
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Not determined due to the aqueous insolubility
Protein binding	62%
Metabolism	Hepatic (primarily via amide hydrolysis;[3] CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5 involved [4]
Biological half-life	15 hours (R-enantiomer), 4 hours (S-enantiomer)[5]
Excretion	Urine (80%)
Identifiers
IUPAC name 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinul]acetamide
CAS Number	68693-11-8
PubChem CID	4236
IUPHAR/BPS	7555
DrugBank	DB00745
ChemSpider	4088
UNII	R3UK8X3U3D
KEGG	D01832
ChEBI	CHEBI:31859
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1373
ECHA InfoCard	100.168.719
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C15H15NO2S
Molar mass	273.35 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=S(C(c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2)CC(=O)N
InChI InChI=1S/C15H15NO2S/c16-14(17)11-19(18)15(12-7-3-1-4-8-12)13-9-5-2-6-10-13/h1-10,15H,11H2,(H2,16,17) Key:YFGHCGITMMYXAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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Modafinil acts as an atypical, selective, and weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor which indirectly activates the release of orexin neuropeptides and histamine from the lateral hypothalamus and tuberomammillary nucleus, respectively, by unknown mechanisms, all of which contribute to heightened arousal.^[8][9][10]